DADT Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

DADT Policy - Essay Example To address the issue of cost for the American individuals with respect to executing the DADT strategy, it’s intriguing to take a gander at what number of individuals have been released throughout the years. As indicated by United States Government Accountability Office (GAO, 2009), there are around 620 released military faculty blamed under DADT from 2006-2008. A great many people released under the arrangement have served the military for over two years, making it hard and exorbitant to supplant them. As indicated by GAO (2009), it costs an expected $193.3 million to supplant the a large number of servicemen who have been released from 2004-09 because of the DADT approach. To consider the individual expense to those released individuals is more diligently. In any case, the vast majority working over two years for the military more likely than not picked it as a vocation. To be sacked because of one’s sexual direction isn't just ghastly however may likewise pulverize th ese people’s money related circumstance and future employment prospects. It may demonstrate hard to get a new line of work that could coordinate what they were esteemed unfit for, and the recuperation could take quite a while. Both individual and managerial in executing DADT is pointless and weight to every American citizen. The lamentable truth about DADT is that its usage isn't lined up with what our partners have confidence in. Today, there are 25 nations that permit gays to serve their military including Canada, Australia, Israel and the UK. Of all the first NAT nations, just the US Turkey despite everything have bans on gay people in the military set up.

British Government Essay Example for Free

English Government Essay Assess various strategies for evaluating the present eradication rate. Do you imagine that people will incite a mass eradication on a similar scale as the Big Five? Presentation: There is agreement in established researchers that the ebb and flow enormous corruption of living space and termination of a considerable lot of the Earths biota is phenomenal and is occurring on a calamitously short timescale. In view of termination rates assessed to be a huge number of times the foundation rate, figures moving toward 30% killing of all species by the mid 21st century are not unreasonable, an occasion tantamount to a portion of the calamitous mass eradication occasions of the past. The present pace of rainforest demolition represents a significant danger to animal categories decent variety. In like manner, the debasement of the marine environments is straightforwardly obvious through the denudation of species that were once prevailing and indispensable to such biological systems. For sure, this colloquium is confined by a view that if the current worldwide eradication occasion is of the size that is by all accounts all around showed by the current information, at that point its belongings will on a very basic level reset the future development of the planets biota. Robert Whittaker perceived an extra realm for the Fungi. The subsequent five-realm framework, proposed in 1969, has gotten a famous norm and with some refinement is as yet utilized in numerous works, or structures the reason for more current multi-realm frameworks. It depends chiefly on contrasts in sustenance: his Plantae were for the most part multicellular autotrophs, his Animalia multicellular, heterotrophs and his Fungi multicellular saprotrophs. The staying two realms, Protista and Monera, included unicellular and basic cell provinces. Termination rates in the fossil records: The time at which a life form is named turning out to be wiped out is the point at which the most youthful fossil of its structure is found. All things considered, there would have been later instances of the life form present, which were basically not protected. It is realized that a few genera have existed for extensive stretches around this time without leaving any known fossil record by the wonders of Lazarus taxa. It is accepted that these life forms were basically not safeguarded during the time they are missing, or saved in seaward residue up 'til now unfamiliar. This may likewise be the situation with numerous different living beings making the deception they are getting wiped out before they are as a general rule. Natural Evolutionary Factor influencing the past annihilation: Many case that human action caused an enormous size of plants and creatures termination. The others guarantee that human caused terminations are on a comparative scale to those that happened 65 million years prior at the limit between the Cretaceous and Tertiary times when most species died including the dinosaurs. This causes two particular concerns: (1) The loss of species will hurt people (2) Quite separated from any mischief to people; there is an obligation to forestall ecocide. As per Peter Raven (National Academy of Science) â€Å"We are standing up to a scene of species termination more noteworthy than anything the world has encountered for as far back as 65 million years. Of all the worldwide issues that go up against us, this is the one that is moving the most quickly and the one that will have the most genuine outcomes. What's more, not normal for other worldwide environmental issues, it is totally irreversible. † Different individuals assess this obligation in an unexpected way. Since the motivation behind these pages is build up the manageability of material advancement, Ill take the view that despite the fact that biodiversity is a significant comfort, we are chiefly worried about the degree to which misfortunes of decent variety are a danger to human advancement. One intriguing reality with regards to the article concerns the impact of an expansion in temperature on the north-south scope of a plant animal types, particularly of trees. Things being what they are, the northern furthest reaches of an animal categories is dictated by temperature. As that breaking point is moved toward the pace of development goes to zero. In any case, the pace of development of an animal varieties doesn't decay as it moves toward the southern furthest reaches of its range yet stays steady or even increments. What decides a species’ southern limit is rivalry from different species that require high temperatures. Therefore the southern limit of an animal varieties is probably going to change gradually as its region is bit by bit attacked by species preferring warm temperature. The attack is probably going to start in holes brought about by logging and different sorts of vanish. As indicated by Lord Robert May (FRS)- Chief Scientific Adviser to the British Government. â€Å"Hardly a day goes without one being informed that tropical deforestation is dousing about one animal types each hour, or perhaps one consistently. Such rough approximations depend on estimated species-territory relations, alongside appraisals of current paces of deforestation and speculations at the worldwide all out number of species (which run from 5 to 80 million or more. ) While such figures apparently have a reason in catching open consideration, there is an unmistakable and expanding requirement for better gauges of approaching paces of annihilation, in light of a quicker comprehension of termination rates in the ongoing and far past, and on the fundamental environmental and transformative causes. † Scientists who stress over eradications regularly concur that the world will arrive at another balance as temperature increments expecting it does. Be that as it may, they stress that the pace of increment of temperature is uncommon and that species, particularly of plants, will relocate northward too gradually and get wiped out. Approximately 43 percent of the earth’s earthbound vegetated surface has lessened ability to flexibly profit to mankind in light of the ongoing, direct effects of the land use. This speaks to 10 percent decrease in potential direct instrumental worth (PDIV), characterized as the possibility to yield direct advantages, for example, rural, ranger service, mechanical and clinical items. Benefiting from the normal recuperation instruments is direly expected to forestall further irreversible corruption and to hold the various estimations of profitable land. Contrasts in termination rates among gatherings: Estimated Future annihilation rates from the species region relations: A superior method of contemplating paces of complete biota elimination levels has been created with the investigation of isotopic proportions of Carbon. At the point when life is inexhaustible there is totally carbon-12 inside the geographical record. Catalysts inside life forms, going into natural issue quicker, more proficiently acknowledge this isotope, which becomes lithified into rock. On occasion of brought down biotic action, for example, at an elimination occasion when a great deal of life has been executed, the proportion of carbon-13 inside the stones will be higher as a higher extent of carbon will be fixed as carbonates inorganically. Inorganic precipitation of carbon doesn't separate between the various isotopes of carbon as life does. By investigations of carbon isotope proportions it is then conceivable to see, by tops in the carbon-13, at what times there has been a decrease of biotic action. This is autonomous of whether life forms present are being protected or not, and appears at what rates the termination is happening. Assessed future elimination rates from IUCN red Lists: Recent eradication rates are 100 to multiple times their pre-human levels notable, however systematically assorted gatherings from broadly various situations. On the off chance that all species as of now considered undermined become wiped out in the following century, at that point the future annihilation rates will be multiple times ongoing rates. Albeit new innovation gives subtleties on natural surroundings misfortunes, assessments of future eradications are hampered by our constrained information on which territories are wealthy in endemics. The 2004 IUCN Red List contains 15,589 species compromised with eradication. The evaluation incorporates species from an expansive scope of scientific categorizations including vertebrates, spineless creatures, plants, and growths. Be that as it may, this figure is a disparage of the absolute number of compromised species as it depends on an appraisal of under 3% of the world’s 1. 9 million depicted species. Among significant species gatherings, the level of undermined species extends somewhere in the range of 12% and 52%. The IUCN Red List recognizes 12% of fowls as undermined, 23% of warm blooded creatures, and 32% of creatures of land and water. In spite of the fact that reptiles have not been totally surveyed, the turtles and tortoises are moderately very much inspected with 42% compromised. Fishes are likewise ineffectively spoken to, however approximately 33% of sharks, beams and delusions have been evaluated and 18% of this gathering is compromised. Provincial contextual analyses on freshwater angles demonstrate that these species may be more undermined than marine species. For instance, 27% of the freshwater species surveyed in Eastern Africa were recorded as compromised. Of plants, just conifers and cycads have been totally surveyed with 25% and 52% undermined individually. References: Robert M. May, John H. Lawton and Nigel E. Stork. â€Å" Assessing Extinction Rates† â€Å"Extinction Rate Analysis† http://palaeo. gly. bris. air conditioning. uk/Palaeofiles/Permian/rateanalysis. html â€Å"Restoring the incentive to the universes debased Lands† Gretchen C. Day by day â€Å"The eventual fate of biodiversity â€Å" Stuart L. Pimm, Gareth j. Russell, John L. Gittleman ,Thomas M. Stream â€Å"IUCN Red List of Threatened Species†http://www. iucn. organization/subjects/ssc/red_list_2004/GSAexecsumm_EN. htm References: IUCN 2001. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3. 1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, pp. ii+30. Parr C. S. furthermore, Cummings M. P. 2005. Information partaking in environment and development. Patterns Ecol. Evol. 20: 362â€363. Purvis A. furthermore, Rambaut A. 1995. Relative examination by autonomous differentiations (CAIC): an Apple Macintosh application for breaking down similar information. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 11: 247â€251. Sherwood, Keith and Craig Idso (2003) â€Å"The Specter of Species Extinction Will Global Warmi

SIPA Energy Association Welcome Message COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA Energy Association Welcome Message COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog There are many student groups at SIPA that provide a place for discussion, debate, fun, networking, and friendship.   A full list of student groups can be found by clicking here.   One such group, the SIPA Energy Association, asked me to send out a message to incoming students that selected Energy and the Environment as a concentration.   However I thought it would be nice to post the message for all to view.   Orientation will feature a time to get to know representatives from other groups as well. Dear Incoming International Energy Management and Policy (IEMP) Track Student, On behalf of the SIPA Energy Association (SEA) Board, congratulations on your acceptance into the School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) and on your choice to follow the IEMP Track.   The IEMP Track is one of the most prestigious energy programs in the world, and will equip you with the requisite skills to succeed in the dynamic international energy sector. I would like to take this opportunity to briefly introduce you to SEA, a student-run organization whose efforts (with your involvement) will positively complement your academic achievements.   The primary missions of SEA are 1) to build a closely-knit community of students and practitioners of energy, 2) to enhance the energy curriculum by conducting a broad spectrum of activities outside the classroom, and 3) to act as the collective voice of energy students vis-a-vis the Center for Energy, Marine Transportation and Public Policy (CEMTPP), the body which administers the IEMP Track. SEA works closely with CEMTPPs director as well as the IEMP Program Assistant (PA), to schedule guest speakers, panels, site visits, energy-related international trips and much, much more.   Programming for the 2009-2010 academic year is already underway.   You can expect to attend the IEMP fall retreat, the Joint SIPA-SAIS Washington DC Energy Policy and Career Networking Trip, the Annual Alumni Dinner, the NYMEX trading competition, the Spring Energy Symposium and countless individual speakers, to name a few.   In addition, SEA releases a monthly student-run alumni newsletter, and plans to publish the first edition of a student-run SIPA Energy Journal this fall.   Finally, because SEA believes in building comradery amongst energy peers and establishing lasting relationships, we host countless happy hours throughout the year. How can you get involved?   SEA strives to foster a culture of commitment to the energy program.   Thus, we believe the more you become engaged in SEAs mission, the more you will gain personally and professionally during your time at SIPA.   In addition to attending general member events, all SEA members are invited to volunteer to assist with larger events, initiate and execute new projects (subject to the boards approval), or compete for various assistant director or editorial positions.   Please mark your calendars for the First General Member SEA Meeting, scheduled for Thursday, September 10th from 7-9 pm in SIPA IAB room 1512.   At this meeting, you will have the opportunity to meet SEA Board members and learn details about membership and involvement, dues, and perhaps most importantly, be entered into the listserv as well as into the SEA peer networking database to assist you in your career building activities. Until then, please feel free to contact one of the following SEA Board members (according to the first letter of your last name) with any questions about SEA, the IEMP Track and energy curriculum, CEMTPP, SIPA or regarding any other general issues.: Last name A-I contact JP Yorro (President): jpy2103 [at] columbia.edu Last name J-R contact Meaghan Casey (Vice President): mec2175 [at] columbia.edu Last name S-Z contact Jeffrey Klug (Director of Communications): jjk2162 [at] columbia.edu Again, congratulations on your acceptance into the program.   We look forward to meeting you all in September! Sincerely, JP Yorro President, SEA

This Paper Aimed To Explore The Concept Of Sustainability

This paper aimed to explore the concept of sustainability of nursing innovations guided by the concept analysis framework developed by Wilson (1969). Although attention in the literature of implementation science has arisen in a few decades, there is a need to identify a concrete definition to capture the essential elements in the concept of nursing innovations sustainability. This paper will present the connotative definitions and attributes, operational definition, antecedents, consequences, exemplar cases, contributes to nursing science and practice, and suggestions to further development of the concept. Background There are many intervention study focus on investigating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. The field of†¦show more content†¦Because the sustainability is an essential issue when developing nursing innovations. It is important for nursing scientists to have a clear operational definition and understand the boundary of the concept. Therefore, this analysis isolated questions of concept: (1) What is sustainability of nursing innovations and how is it defined (a question of fact); (2) Is sustainability of nursing innovations directly related to patient outcomes (a question of value) (3) What are the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept (a question of concept). Methods The Wilson’s method of concept analysis was used to understand what’s the critical attributes, and through different cases to illustrate how nursing innovations sustainability been defined in nursing practice and research. While in the current literature, the concept of sustainability of nursing innovation has no clear boundaries of analysis and about the outcomes of sustainability is still in a debate. The analytic framework outlined by Wilson contains 11 techniques in steps which are: (1) Isolate the questions of concept (Step 1), (2) Develop right answers to the questions (Step 2), then identify the uses of the concept (Step 3), and apply with (3) Model cases, (4) Contrary cases, (5) Related cases, (6) Borderline cases, (7) Invented cases, (8) Social context, (9) Underlying anxiety, (10) Practical results, (11) Results in language, and then conduct an internalShow MoreRelatedWhy Sustainability Is An Essential Part Within The Business World1596 Words   |  7 PagesD espite the lack of understanding about sustainability in our modern society this concept has been adopted by many organizations around the world for centuries and it has significant meanings in the operation of the business world. The idea is to run a business in a way that guarantees the future security of the planet as well as the business by managing its monetary, environment and social frameworks effectively. Hence, the main goal of sustainable business is to continuously strive to have a positiveRead MoreOperations of Goodwill Industries International1190 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of the operations of Goodwill Industries International is an independent, not-for-profit organizations that provides employment placement services, job training as well as other community-based programs for individuals who are disabled, lack education or any job experience or face employment challenges. Our analysis indicated that the huge gap or disparity be tween CEO and average employee pay resulted in low motivation among the workers.The paper exploresRead MoreSupply Chain Management And Operation Management1374 Words   |  6 Pageschain management and operation management have become integral components as far as organizational competitiveness is concerned. This paper will begin by offering a literature review about supply chain management and operations management. Then, the paper will explore various issues within the Airbus company and analyze the identified issues by apply SCOM concept. The paper will also identify specific best/worst practices in the Aerospace industry before offering actionable short-term and long-termRead MoreEmployment Relations Assignment : The Work Of Trade Unions1481 Words   |  6 Pages1001EHR Employment Relations Assignment: Essay Mackenzie Cahill, s5016520, word count: 1510 â€Å"University graduates should join a union when they get their first real job. Critically evaluate†. The work of trade unions is aimed at educating and protecting the rights of employees and their working conditions. However, decline in union membership is a growing international problem, with the reasonable assumption that workers will be more successful in their fight for decent conditionsRead MoreInterim Report of the Factors Influencing the Success of Community Tourism in South Africa1890 Words   |  8 Pages30 November 2009 Submitted by: FinnGroup Ltd Group 3 Helin Henrietta 09163185 Mà ¤kinen Outi 07083938 Raudaskoski Heli 09163176 Tuominen Katja-Mirjami 07084112 Introduction In this consultancy report we will discuss about the concepts of community tourism and pro-poor tourism and their sustainability both in general and in the context of South Africa. The first section of the report introduces sustainable tourism development and its current trends. The next section discusses communityRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility and Apples Business Practices1711 Words   |  7 Pagesexperience between the user and the computer by being the pioneers in this field. For two decades, Apple Inc ruled the computer manufacturing frontier for two decades. However, it did face low sales and market share in the 1990s. Steve Jobs had left the firm in the 1980s and returned in 1996 as the Chief Executive Officer. He brought about a revolution in the electronics music industry with the invention of the Ipod in 2001. He aimed for innovative products with simple, unique designs that offered aRead MoreAutomobile Industry : A Human Capacity1458 Words   |  6 Pagesself-go verning vehicles (AVs) that can explore parkways and urban situations with no immediate human information. Profoundly, mechanized vehicle improvement is progressively discovering its way into customer vehicles as dynamic security, driver help frameworks, and constrained robotized driving components. If these advancements become effective and enters the mass market, Autonomous vehicles can possibly dramatically change transportation. This paper is aimed at giving situations concerning automobileRead MoreImpact Of Plastic Garbage On The Environment Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesand anorganic waste such as ceramics and metals. This paper seeks to explore the impact of plastic garbage on the environment and suggest solutions that may be implemented to safeguard the environment. The concept of garbage may be regarded as a human concept as there seems to be no such thing as garbage in nature. The waste products created by a natural process or organism quickly becomes the raw materials used in other processes and organisms. This implies that recycling is predominant thus productionRead MoreA Study On Corporate Governance2805 Words   |  12 PagesIt is indeed a great pleasure for me to undertake this dissertation on â€Å"Corporate Governance: An insight to the product market innovation in competition† It has been a great learning process for me and I have learnt number of useful thing during my research. I would like to take this opportunity to extend a word of my gratitude to my esteemed faculty Ms. Garima goswami who had been a constant source of inspiration for me in the pursuance of this dissertation. Mam has been gracious enough to guideRead MoreTeaching Sustainability For Children : A Transdisciplinarity Inquiry3779 Words   |  16 PagesI need to turn this document into an essay. It was just a rough draft to get ideas from literature read. I also need to put them it categories and have subtitles and even flow to document. Please add and take out what is not needed. Teaching Sustainability to Children: A Transdisciplinarity Inquiry Essay Debby Flickinger TSD 6526 ECOLOGY OF IDEAS California Institute of Integral Studies Abstract I was inspired by my own transpersonal experiences

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1365 Words

September 11, 2001 or one may say the â€Å"911 â€Å"attack happened on that day. Al Qaeda killed nearly over 3,000 people. The victims were innocent men, women, children, and also people from all different ethnic backgrounds. Who are we, the community to blame responsible for these terrorist attacks? Throughout the years passing by 911 had important factors of change socially, economically and personally. What is terrorism? Not only U.S faces terrorism attacks. Most governments all over the world have been challenged by the issue. . Terrorism can be described as violence by a group of people or certain individuals to achieve certain goals. It’s often a destruction of another country for selfish motives. The 9/11 attack on the twin tower happened on Tuesday, September 11, 2001. This was a terrorist attack planned by al- Qaeda. They had four planes, according to the article â€Å"9/11 Ten Years On - The Health Effects on Rescue Workers â€Å"Written by Christian Nordgvist. Terrorists that belonged to al-Qaeda hijacked four planes. Two of the planes were purposely crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center within two hours both towers collapsed. Their next plan was to hijack another plane and the plane also crashed into the Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia. Finally, the last plane failed their intentions. The passengers were able take control of the plane, but the plane somehow crashed in a field. â€Å"The attacks resulted in the deaths of almost 3,000 people† according to theShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder980 Words   |  4 PagesToday we are here to figure out why is it that past events are the triggers that cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorde r. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is an anxiety disorder that some people get after seeing or undergoing a dangerous event. There are various symptoms that begin to show or actions that can give a clear answer whether one may be diagnosed with this disorder. One of the many problems is that no age range is safe from suffering PTSD. One must ask themselves what set of events happenedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder851 Words   |  3 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder Introduction â€Å"There are currently over 400,000 Veterans in treatment for PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) and it is estimated that with the Iraq and Afghanistan wars there is an additional 33% increase in our returning soldiers.† Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has become a severe issue for veterans returning from overseas. One of the most effective, yet unused resources given to veterans to help them cope with their disorder is specially trained dogs. TheseRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder884 Words   |  4 Pagesof traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes.† (NIMH) Families of veterans struggle to help their loved ones. â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder caused by a person’s exposure to life-threatening or otherwise traumatic circumstances.† (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder affectsRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder1630 Words   |  7 Pagesare now accessing mental health services for the treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) defined by DSM-IV-TR is â€Å"characterised by the re-experiencing of an extremely traumatic event accompanied by symptoms of increased arousal and by avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma† (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 2000). There are many impacts and effects this disorder has on refugees requiring treatment, interventions, education andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder1004 Words   |  5 Pagescurrent criteria of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder has changed since the DSM-IV. In the DSM-V, the diagnostic criteria draws a clearer line when detailing what establishes a traumatic event. The DSM-V pays more attention to the behavioral symptoms that accompany PTSD and proposes four distinct diagnostic cluster s instead of three. They are described as re-experiencing, avoidance, negative cognitions and mood, and arousal. 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As of today, the Unites States has 2.8 million veterans who served in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, of those it is estimated that 11 to 20% currently suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. As of 2013, a total of 12,632 veterans of the Afghanistan and Iraq wars are currently diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Glover 2014). Of course it

The Botany of Desire Free Essays

America. He also explains how human manipulation of the plant has weakened it, so that â€Å"modern apples require more pesticide than any other food crop. † I think the most standing out argument in this chapter is John Chapman insisted planting the apples from seeds although the fruit will taste bitter rather than sweet. We will write a custom essay sample on The Botany of Desire or any similar topic only for you Order Now He wanted to preserve the apple’s wildness. This phenomenon led to the apple wine is permeated in the most American families. However, some apple trees were planted by grafting buds onto young tree stalk to satisfy people’s desire for sweetness. The intended audience of the book is people who study in biology and environmental, or anyone wish to learn about how to view the world by using a plant’s eye and what is the role of plants in our lives. The author’s purpose Is to inform the domestication of the apple and entertain people by using a plant’s eye to view the world. In addition, the author persuade grower don’t plant the apple only to satisfy the people’s desire of sweetness because stripped of the genetic diversity plants rely on to survive disease, the relatively few popular apple varieties grown in monoculture have become increasingly vulnerable to Insects, bacteria and viruses. Furthermore, according to this chapter, â€Å"The next best world, though, Is the one that preserves the quality of wildness itself, It only because It Is upon wildness-of all This opinion Indicates the author don’t support the artificial modify. However, he changes his tone. He thinks If there Is no civilization without wildness. He considers the complex relationships between human and natural. The author combines literary, historical, and scientific references to attract audience to ponder, Is the human domesticate nature or contrary. In Pollen’s writing, he supports that man and nature will use of each other. The Botany of Desire By Laughing of plants in our lives. The author’s purpose is to inform the domestication of the increasingly vulnerable to insects, bacteria and viruses. Furthermore, according to this chapter, â€Å"The next best world, though, is the one that preserves the quality of wildness itself, it only because it is upon wildness-of all things†(Pollen). This opinion indicates the author don’t support the artificial modify. However, he changes his tone. He thinks if there is no civilization without wildness. He considers the complex and scientific references to attract audience to ponder, is the human domesticate How to cite The Botany of Desire, Papers

The Name that Defines Me Essay Example For Students

The Name that Defines Me Essay August 11, 1998. The date when I was born, the date when suddenly I became somebody in the world, the thing is who was I? My parents were very capricious at the time, and well they still didnt have a name for me. Problem birth certificate. Technically speaking you don’t exist without one. So my parents were stuck in a dilemma because they couldnt decide what to name their baby girl. My mother, as usual, turned to God for help, a little late for my taste I was already a few hours old. She said, â€Å"Lord you are the creator and judge of all things, you are my father and I pray you give me the enlightenment to name my daughter something beautiful, something unique and special† That’s when it hit her she remembered that a few of her friends were talking about baby names and their meanings, and one of them meant â€Å"God is my judge† DANIELA. She immediately told my father, and well the name stuck. Growing up my friends and family always called me Daniela, no short version, no nicknames, nothing just plain and simple Daniela. We will write a custom essay on The Name that Defines Me specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But that was more of a sojourn, by the time I was 6 and moved to the US, Daniela just seemed too complicated, too sophisticated, and frankly way too long for a kindergartener. So I decided to just chop it off and simple it down to just, Dany. (So much better right. ) From then on being called anything but Dany was abhorrent, I was extremely finicky as a child, and well sometimes I still am, depends on the situation of course. At first I thought I was the only Daniela in the world, I didnt think anybody else deserved MY name. That all changed when one day I heard a lady call out my name and it was not meant towards me I was a little puzzled and I got mad. (Selfish I know, but then again I was only 4 I think) I immediately went over to my mother and complained that somebody had stolen my name. I was being extremely truculent, and my mother of course, said I was being egoistic and that no, I was not the only Daniela in the world.. Well that was a bummer for me, but indeed she was right, in the US it is ranked as the 200th most popular name and in Mexico it’s the 5th so quite a lot of girls do indeed own â€Å"my† name as well. I mean having so much popularity, especially in Latin America and Spain, you would suppose there’s a lot of celebrities that have my name right? Well the sad truth is that they do not.. The only celebrity that I know of is Daniela Romo, and shes only well known in Mexico and Latin America. Other than that, no not really. I mean theres the male version of my name, Daniel, like Daniel Radcliff does that count? Probably not Still you gotta give me some credit here. Daniel is Harry Potter for crying out loud..! Now as most of you all know, I’m Mexican, and that plays a huge role in my name. In my country we use both our mother and our fathers’ last names, your paternal last name is first and then it’s your maternal. Like so: Garza Mendoza. Now in Mexico most last names are popular in different regions of the country, for example, in Monterrey there is an abundance of families with the the last name Garza. I was not born in Monterrey, but my fathers family is indeed from there. We call these people that live in the north â€Å"los regios† and I’m known as a â€Å"chilanga† because I was born in Mexico City. My mothers last name, well maiden last name, Mendoza is most common in Michoacà ¡n which is located in the center of Mexico just like Mexico City, Guadalajara, Pachuca, etc.. .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 , .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 .postImageUrl , .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 , .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04:hover , .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04:visited , .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04:active { border:0!important; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04:active , .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04 .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9d1d1d7acadf9d2ce68d9e813a2fe04:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Looking Glass Wars EssayBut both of my last names did not originate in Mexico, instead they are both created in Spain in the 1st century so yes both of my last names are very very old Juan de la Garza was the first man with that last name to sail to America in 1514, and later on many more migrated to the new world. I personally don’t know many people with my last names that arent part of my family, but either way I am proud of my name, and I am pleased that my parents chose to call me Daniela, or Dany in my terms, it’s simple, unique, and beautiful. It suits me and my personality. It defines me and makes me who I am. This is me Daniela.

Spoken English - Definition and Examples

Spoken English s Definition: The ways in which the English language is transmitted through a conventional system of sounds. Compare to written English. Spoken English, says linguist David Crystal, is the more natural and widespread mode of transmission, though ironically the one which most people find much less familiarpresumably because it is so much more difficult to see what is happening in speech than in writing (The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed., 2003). In recent years, linguists have found it easier to see what is happening in speech through the availability of corpus resourcescomputerized databases containing real life examples of both spoken and written English. The Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English (1999) is a contemporary reference grammar of English based on a large-scale corpus. The study of speech sounds (or spoken language) is the branch of linguistics known as phonetics. The study of sound changes in a language is phonology. See also: Speech (Linguistics)ColloquialConversationConversation AnalysisDialogueKey Events in the History of the English LanguagePresent-Day English (PDE)Standard EnglishVernacularWhat Is Standard English? Examples and Observations: Academic Bias Against Spoken English[L]inguists have inevitably had a long-standing and intensive contact with standard English. The nature of standard English as primarily a written variety, together with the immersion of academics in written English, does not augur well for their recognition of structures that may be more typical of spoken English than written English.(Jenny Cheshire, Spoken Standard English. Standard English: The Widening Debate, ed. by Tony Bex and Richard J. Watts. Routledge, 1999) The Relationship Between Spoken and Written English[I]n the course of the languages history, the relationship between spoken and written English has come nearly full circle. Throughout the Middle Ages, written English predominately served transcript functions, enabling readers to represent earlier spoken words or (oral) ceremony, or to produce durable records of events, ideas, or spoken exchange. By the seventeenth century, the written (and printed) word was developing its own autono mous identity, a transformation that matured in the eighteenth, nineteenth, and first half of the twentieth centuries. (However, through at least the end of the nineteenth century, spoken rhetorical skills were also seen as critically important to people with social and educational aspirations.) Since World War II, written English (at least in America) has increasingly come to reflect everyday speech. While writing on-line with computers has hastened this trend, computers didnt initiate it. As writing growingly mirrors informal speech, contemporary spoken and written English are losing their identity as distinct forms of language.(Naomi S. Baron, Alphabet to Email: How Written English Evolved and Where Its Heading. Routledge, 2000) Teaching IlliteracyOne main danger is that spoken English continues to be judged by the codified standards of written English, and that teaching pupils to speak standard English may, in fact, be to teach them to speak in formal written English. A test of spoken English may become a test of ones abilities to speak a very restricted codea formal English used routinely by dons, civil servants, and cabinet ministers. It is not very far removed from the language of formal debate. Such a view of spoken English can produce an artificial and unnatural English and can even promote a kind of illiteracy which is as damaging to users of English as not being able to write literate English; for to have everyone speaking and writing only one codea standard written English codegenerates an illiteracy almost as grave as would be the case if everyone were only able to use a local dialect.(Ronald Carter, Investigating English Discourse: Language, Literacy, and Literature. Routledge, 1997) Henry Sweet on Spoken English (1890)The unity of spoken English is still imperfect: it is still liable to be influenced by local dialectsin London itself by the cockney dialect, in Edinburgh by the Lothian Scotch dialect, and so on. . . . [I]t changes from generation to generation, and is not absolutely uniform even among speakers of the same generation, living in the same place and having the same social standing.(Henry Sweet, A Primer of Spoken English, 1890) The Value of Teaching Spoken English (1896)Not only should English grammar be taught with reference to the nature of language and the history of English, but it should also take account of the spoken, as distinct from the written, form. The reasons for this seem to me many and excellent. For instance, it is a misfortune that the English language makes its appeal to the educated mind, mainly through the written and printed form. The appeal to the ear and the appeal to the eye, which should strengthen one another, are thus distinctly separate and divergent. Our orthography encourages this separation. It is, therefore, the more important that textbooks of grammar should make some attempt to counteract this tendency.(Oliver Farrar Emerson, The Teaching of English Grammar, 1896) The Lighter Side of Spoken EnglishIf Opals goin to be a school-teacher, mebbe she wants summat to practice on, grinned her father.Oh, Pa, you mustnt say summatit isnt a word, remonstrated his daughter.Aint a word ! shouted her father with increasing excitement. Well, hear that! How do you know it aint a word?It isnt in the dictionary, said Opal.Shucks, disparaged Pa, whats the dictionary got to do with it? The words that git into the dictionary aint common talkin words nohow; theyre written wordsnobody puts talk into a dictionary.Why not? questioned Opal, astonished at her fathers apparent knowledge of the making of dictionaries.Cause why? Cause spoken words is too lively for emwho can go round and keep track of every word thats spoke? I can make up a hull mouthful myself, and no dictionaryll ever know anything about itsee?(Bessie R. Hoover, A Graduated Daughter. Everybodys Magazine, December 1909)

Learn about the Famous Resort Country of Monaco

Learn about the Famous Resort Country of Monaco Population: 32,965 (July 2009 estimate)Capital: MonacoArea: 0.77 square miles (2 sq km)Bordering Country: FranceCoastline: 2.55 miles (4.1 km)Highest Point: Mont Agel at 460 feet (140 m)Lowest Point: Mediterranean SeaMonaco is a small European country located between southeastern France and the Mediterranean Sea. It is considered the second smallest country in the world (after Vatican City) by area. Monaco has only one official city which is its capital and is famous as being a resort area for some of the worlds richest people. Monte Carlo, an administrative area of Monaco, is the countrys most famous area due to its location on the French Riviera, its casino, the Monte Carlo Casino, and several beach and resort communities.History of MonacoMonaco was first founded in 1215 as a Genoan colony. It then came under the control of the House of Grimaldi in 1297 and remained independent until 1789. In that year, Monaco was annexed by France and was under French control until 1814. In 1815, Monaco became a protectorate of Sardinia under the Treaty of Vienna. It remained a protectorate until 1861 when the Franco-Monegasque Treaty established its independence but it remained under the guardianship of France.Monacos first constitution was put into effect in 1911 and in 1918 it signed a treaty with France which stated that its government would support French military, political and economic interests and that if the Grimaldi dynasty (which still controlled Monaco at the time) were to die out, the country would remain independent but be under French protection.Throughout the mid 1900s, Monaco was controlled by Prince Rainier III (who took over the throne on May 9, 1949). Prince Rainier is most famous for his marriage to American actress Grace Kelly in 1956 who was killed in a car accident near Monte Carlo in 1982.In 1962, Monaco established a new constitution and in 1993 it became a member of the United Nations. It then joined the Council of Europe in 2003. In April 2005, Prince Rainier III died. He was the longest serving monarch in Europe at the time. In July of the same year his son, Prince Albert II ascended the throne.Government of MonacoMonaco is considered a constitutional monarchy and its official name is the Principality of Monaco. It has an executive branch of government with a chief of state (Prince Albert II) and a head of government. It also has a legislative branch with a unicameral National Council and a judicial branch with a Supreme Court.Monaco is also divided into four quarters for local administration. The first of these is Monaco-Ville which is the old city of Monaco and sits on a headland in the Mediterranean. The other quarters are La Condamine on the countrys port, Fontvieille, which is a newly build area, and Monte Carlo which is Monacos largest residential and resort area.Economics and Land Use in MonacoA large part of Monacos economy is focused on tourism as it is a popular European resort area. In addition, Monaco is also a large banking center, has no income tax and has low taxes for its businesses. Ind ustries other than tourism in Monaco include construction and industrial and consumer products on a small scale. There is no large scale commercial agriculture in the country.Geography and Climate of MonacoMonaco is the worlds second smallest country by area and is surrounded on three sides by France and on one by the Mediterranean Sea. It is located only 11 miles (18 km) from Nice, France and is close to Italy as well. Most of Monacos topography is rugged and hilly and its coastal portions are rocky.Monacos climate is considered Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average low temperature in January 47 °F (8 °C) and the average high temperature in July is 78 °F (26 °C).More Facts about Monaco Monaco is one of the most densely populated countries in the world Locals from Monaco are called Monà ©gasques Monà ©gasques are not allowed to enter Monte Carlos famous Monte Carlo Casino and visitors must show their foreign passports upon entry The French make up the largest part of Monacos populationReferencesCentral Intelligence Agency. (2010, March 18). CIA - The World Factbook - Monaco. Retrieved from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mn.htmlInfoplease. (n.d.). Monaco: History, Geography, Government, and Culture - Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0107792.htmlUnited States Department of State. (2010, March). Monaco (03/10). Retrieved from: state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3397.htm

Media, Culture & Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media, Culture & Identity - Essay Example People’s sense of social class, ethnicity, nationality and social identity is being constructed by the visual, auditory and symbolic material provided by the media (Kellner 1995, p.1). People’s identities are shaped by the images and information provided in the media. Hence, people’s opinion about people belonging to other countries, communities and religion is highly influenced by the images and information they see about those people on television and in movies. When people are repeatedly exposed to a particular idea through visual or auditory medium, they start believing in it as a ‘truth’. Hence, influencing people’s opinion and ideas by repeatedly exposing them to visual and auditory material of that idea has become a favourite weapon of the media. In the age of the media culture, where people’s identities are shaped by media images, when a certain community or religion is repeatedly portrayed as a threat to the peace of the world, it not only harms the image of that community but also generates a feeling of hatred, prejudice and anger towards that community. The community that is suffering from the harmful effects of the media culture is the community of Muslim people. People belonging to Islamic religion are facing hatred and misunderstanding in the Western countries because of the constant negative publicity in the Western media. It is this bias treatment of the Islamic community by the Western media that led Edward Said to develop the theory of ‘Orientalism’. Orientalism is a theory by Edward Said which proposes that the Eastern countries are highly misrepresented and misunderstood in the Western countries as the Western people are constantly getting exposed to the manipulated images and fabricated ‘news’ of the Oriental people through the Western media (Said n.d.) Edward Said, in his theory of ‘orientalism’, argues that the Western thinking about

English language learning challenges facing Saudi students in America Thesis Proposal

English language learning challenges facing Saudi students in America - Thesis Proposal Example The demand for internalization and globalization of the world has resulted in cross-border student mobility. Consequently, the United States has recorded an increase of international students seeking admission places in its universities. A report revealed that America recorded a five percent increase in the number of international students admitted to the learning institutions (Al-Mahrooqi & Denman, 2015). Most of the students were of the Asian origin with Saudi Arabia and China topping the list. The international students get admission slots in various universities and colleges across the US. The international students play a major role in creating diversity and internalization of the classrooms and campuses (Lippman & Council on Foreign Relations, 2012). The students share the different experiences regarding culture thereby enhancing a mutual appreciation of cultural diversity. The United States, therefore, should positively embrace the international students and welcome them to th e universities and colleges because of the contributions they bring at different levels including cultural exchange (Raddawi, 2014, Moraya, 2013). However, the Saudi students experience many academic and linguistic challenges while at the United States. The academic challenges experienced include communicating with the lecturers, instructors and staff (Raddawi, 2014). They thus have to deal with social isolation when interacting with different groups of people. They find it difficult to learn and do their activities according to the American culture.

Rome: The Eternal City Essay example -- History Geography Papers

Rome: The Eternal City Problems with format ?The history of Rome is shrouded in myth and legend.? Tales of glorious victories, conquering heroes, and vanquished foes color our perception of this legendary city.? Myth and reality are so closely intertwined that we would be remiss to examine the one without the other.? From a cluster of humble villages, arose a mighty people who would capture the admiration of the world for centuries thereafter.? To look at the history of Rome is to look at the history of civilization itself, for with Rome, modern civilization began. The Beginnings: Myth and Reality ?The circumstances surrounding the founding of this ancient city remain a mystery.? With the Gaul?s destruction of Rome in 330 B.C., much of the early writings and archaeological remains recording the city?s past were destroyed.[i]? This lack of information did not hinder the early Roman historians, though: they simply created their own version of history.? Anxious to connect their city to a noble origin comparable to the heroic Greeks?, early Romans pointed to the Trojan hero Aeneas as the founder of their homeland.? In Plutarch?s Life of Romulus, Aeneas is said to have sailed to southern Italy where he met a soothsayer who allowed him to commune with his deceased father.[ii]? His father predicted that Aeneas would sire a great race and that his descendents, namely Romulus and Remus, would eventually establish a city that would rule the entire world and whose spirit will match that of the gods.[iii]? According to the myth, Romulus and Remus were born into the lineage of Aeneas, but were abandoned while they were infants under the orders of their evil uncle who had usurped the throne.? The twins were saved by a she-wo... ...s Voisin, Yann Le Bohec, and David Cherry, A History of Rome (Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing, 2001), p.23. [vi] Nardo, p.22. [vii] ibid, p.22. [viii] ibid, p.26. [ix] Le Glay, p.25. [x] ibid, p.25. [xi] ibid, p.40. [xii] Nardo, p.29. [xiii] ibid, p.29. [xiv] Matthews, p.50. [xv] Le Glay, p.42. [xvi] ibid, p.179. [xvii] Matthews, p.158-168. [xviii] Le Glay, p.32. [xix] ibid, p.36. [xx] F.R. Cowell, Everyday Life in Ancient Rome (New York: B.T. Batsford Ltd., 1962), p.18. [xxi] ibid, p.14. [xxii] Encyclopedia Americana, vol.23 (Danbury, CT: Grolier, Inc: 1997), p.686. [xxiii] ibid, p.686. [xxiv] ibid, p.686. [xxv] Stuart E. Jones, ?When in Rome. . .?, National Geographic, June 1970, p.746. [xxvi] ibid, p.747. [xxvii] T.R. Reid, ?The World According to Rome,? National Geographic, August 1997, p.82.

Bag of Bones CHAPTER EIGHTEEN

I climbed the stairs to the deck instead of going around to the front door, still moving slowly and marvelling at how my legs felt twice their normal weight. When I stepped into the living room I looked around with the wide eyes of someone who has been away for a decade and returns to find everything just as he left it Bunter the moose on the wall, the Boston Globe on the couch, a compilation of Tough Stuff crossword puzzles on the end-table, the plate on the counter with the remains of my stir-fry still on it. Looking at these things brought the realization home full force I had gone for a walk, leaving all this normal light clutter behind, and had almost died instead. Had almost been murdered. I began to shake. I went into the north-wing bathroom, took off my wet clothes, and threw them into the tub splat. Then, still shaking, I turned and stared at myself in the mirror over the washbasin. I looked like someone who has been on the losing side in a barroom brawl. One bicep bore a long, clotting gash. A blackish-purple bruise was unfurling what looked like shadowy wings on my left collarbone. There was a bloody furrow on my neck and behind my ear, where the lovely Rogette had caught me with the stone in her ring. I took my shaving mirror and used it to check the back of my head. ‘Can't you get that through your thick skull?' my mother used to shout at me and Sid when we were kids, and now I thanked God that Ma had apparently been right about the thickness factor, at least in my case. The spot where Devore had struck me with his cane looked like the cone of a recently extinct volcano. Whitmore's bull's-eye had left a red wound that would need stitches if I wanted to avoid a scar. Blood, rusty and thin, stained the nape of my neck all around the hairline. God knew how much had flowed out of that unpleasant-looking red mouth and been washed away by the lake. I poured hydrogen peroxide into my cupped palm, steeled myself, and slapped it onto the gash back there like aftershave. The bite was monstrous, and I had to tighten my lips to keep from crying out. When the pain started to fade a little, I soaked cotton balls with more peroxide and cleaned my other wounds. I showered, threw on a tee-shirt and a pair of jeans, then went into the hall to phone the County Sheriff. There was no need for directory assistance; the Castle Rock P.D. and County Sheriff's numbers were on the IN CASE OF EMERGENCY card thumbtacked to the bulletin board, along with numbers for the fire department, the ambulance service, and the 900-number where you could get three answers to that day's Times crossword puzzle for a buck-fifty. I dialed the first three numbers fast, then began to slow down. I got as far as 955-960 before stopping altogether. I stood there in the hall with the phone pressed against my ear, visualizing another headline, this one not in the decorous Times but the rowdy New York Post. NOVELIST TO AGING COMPU-KING: ‘YOU BIG BULLY!' Along with side-by-side pictures of me, looking roughly my age, and Max Devore, looking roughly a hundred and six. The Post would have great fun telling its readers how Devore (along with his companion, an elderly lady who might weigh ninety pounds soaking wet) had lumped up a novelist half his age a guy who looked, in his photograph, at least, reasonably trim and fit. The phone got tired of holding only six of the required seven numbers in its rudimentary brain, double-clicked, and dumped me back to an open line. I took the handset away from my ear, stared at it for a moment, and then set it gently back down in its cradle. I'm not a sissy about the sometimes whimsical, sometimes hateful attention of the press, but I'm wary, as I would be around a bad-tempered fur-bearing mammal. America has turned the people who entertain it into weird high-class whores, and the media jeers at any ‘celeb' who dares complain about his or her treatment. ‘Quitcha bitchin!' cry the newspapers and the TV gossip shows (the tone is one of mingled triumph and indignation). ‘Didja really think we paid ya the big bucks just to sing a song or swing a Louisville Slugger? Wrong, asshole! We pay so we can be amazed when you do it well whatever â€Å"it† happens to be in your particular case and also because it's gratifying when you fuck up. The truth is you're supplies. If you cease to be amusing, we can always kill you and eat you.' They can't really eat you, of course. They can print pictures of you with your shirt off and say you're running to fat, they can talk about how much you drink or how many pills you take or snicker about the night you pulled some starlet onto your lap at Spago and tried to stick your tongue in her ear, but they can't really eat you. So it wasn't the thought of the Post calling me a crybaby or being a part of Jay Leno's opening monologue that made me put the phone down; it was the realization that I had no proof. No one had seen us. And, I realized, finding an alibi for himself and his personal assistant would be the easiest thing in the world for Max Devore. There was one other thing, too, the capper: imagining the County Sheriff sending out George Footman, aka daddy, to take my statement on how the mean man had knocked li'l Mikey into the lake. How the three of them would laugh later about that! I called John Storrow instead, wanting him to tell me I was doing the right thing, the only thing that made any sense. Wanting him to remind me that only desperate men were driven to such desperate lengths (I would ignore, at least for the time being, how the two of them had laughed, as if they were having the time of their lives), and that nothing had changed in regard to Ki Devore her grandfather's custody case still sucked bogwater. I got John's recording machine at home and left a message just call Mike Noonan, no emergency, but feel free to call late. Then I tried his office, mindful of the scripture according to John Grisham: young lawyers work until they drop. I listened to the firm's recording machine, then followed instructions and punched STO on my phone keypad, the first three letters of John's last name. There was a click and he came on the line another recorded version, unfortunately. ‘Hi, this is John Storrow. I've gone up to Philly for the weekend to see my mom and dad. I'll be in the office on Monday; for the rest of the week, I'll be out on business. From Tuesday to Friday you'll probably have the most luck trying to reach me at . . . ‘ The number he gave began 207-955, which meant Castle Rock. I imagined it was the hotel where he'd stayed before, the nice one up on the View. ‘Mike Noonan,' I said. ‘Call me when you can. I left a message on your apartment machine, too.' I went in the kitchen to get a beer, then only stood there in front of the refrigerator, playing with the magnets. Whoremaster, he'd called me. Say there, whoremaster, where's your whore? A minute later he had offered to save my soul. Quite funny, really. Like an alcoholic offering to take care of your liquor cabinet. He spoke of you with what I think was genuine affection, Mattie had said. Your great-grandfather and his great-grandfather shit in the same pit. I left the fridge with all the beer still safe inside, went back to the phone, and called Mattie. ‘Hi,' said another obviously recorded voice. I was on a roll. ‘It's me, but either I'm out or not able to come to the phone right this minute. Leave a message, okay?' A pause, the mike rustling, a distant whisper, and then Kyra, so loud she almost blew my ear off: ‘Leave a HAPPY message!' What followed was laughter from both of them, cut off by the beep. ‘Hi, Mattie, it's Mike Noonan,' I said. ‘I just wanted ‘ I don't know how I would have finished that thought, and I didn't have to. There was a click and then Mattie herself said, ‘Hello, Mike.' There was such a difference between this dreary, defeated-sounding voice and the cheerful one on the tape that for a moment I was silenced. Then I asked her what was wrong. ‘Nothing,' she said, then began to cry. ‘Everything. I lost my job. Lindy fired me.' Firing wasn't what Lindy had called it, of course. She'd called it ‘belt-tightening,' but it was firing, all right, and I knew that if I looked into the funding of the Four Lakes Consolidated Library, I would discover that one of the chief supporters over the years had been Mr. Max Devore. And he'd continue to be one of the chief supporters . . . if, that was, Lindy Briggs played ball. ‘We shouldn't have talked where she could see us doing it,' I said, knowing I could have stayed away from the library completely and Mattie would be just as gone. ‘And we probably should have seen this coming.' ‘John Storrow did see it.' She was still crying, but making an effort to get it under control. ‘He said Max Devore would probably want to make sure I was as deep in the corner as he could push me, come the custody hearing. He said Devore would want to make sure I answered â€Å"I'm unemployed, Your Honor† when the judge asked where I worked. I told John Mrs. Briggs would never do anything so low, especially to a girl who'd given such a brilliant talk on Melville's â€Å"Bartleby.† Do you know what he told me?' ‘No.' ‘He said, â€Å"You're very young.† I thought that was a patronizing thing to say, but he was right, wasn't he?' ‘Mattie ‘ ‘What am I going to do, Mike? What am I going to do?' The panic-rat had moved on down to Wasp Hill Road, it sounded like. I thought, quite coldly: Why not become my mistress? Your title will be ‘research assistant,' a perfectly jake occupation as far as the IRS is concerned, I'll throw in clothes, a couple of charge cards, a house say goodbye to the rustbucket doublewide on Wasp Hill Road and a two-week vacation: how does February on Maui sound? Plus Ki's education, of course, and a hefty cash bonus at the end of the year. I'll be considerate, too. Considerate and discreet. Once or twice a week, and never until your little girl is fast asleep. All you have to do is say yes and give me a key. All you have to do is slide over when I slide in. All you have to do is let me do what I want all through the dark, all through the night, let me touch where I want to touch, let me do what I want to do, never say no, never say stop. I closed my eyes. ‘Mike? Are you there?' ‘Sure,' I said. I touched the throbbing gash at the back of my head and winced. ‘You're going to do just fine, Mattie. You ‘ ‘The trailer's not paid for!' she nearly wailed. ‘I have two overdue phone bills and they're threatening to cut off the service! There's something wrong with the Jeep's transmission, and the rear axle, as well! I can pay for Ki's last week of Vacation Bible School, I guess Mrs. Briggs gave me three weeks' pay in lieu of notice but how will I buy her shoes? She outgrows everything so fast . . . there's holes in all her shorts and most of her g-g-goddam underwear . . . ‘ She was starting to weep again. ‘I'm going to take care of you until you get back on your feet,' I said. ‘No, I can't let ‘ ‘You can. And for Kyra's sake, you will. Later on, if you still want to, you can pay me back. We'll keep tabs on every dollar and dime, if you like. But I'm going to take care of you.' And you'll never take off your clothes when I'm with you. That's a promise, and I'm going to keep it. ‘Mike, you don't have to do this.' ‘Maybe, maybe not. But I am going to do it. You just try and stop me.' I'd called meaning to tell her what had happened to me giving her the humorous version but that now seemed like the worst idea in the world. ‘This custody thing is going to be over before you know it, and if you can't find anyone brave enough to put you to work down here once it is, I'll find someone up in Derry who'll do it. Besides, tell me the truth aren't you starting to feel that it might be time for a change of scenery?' She managed a scrap of a laugh. ‘I guess you could say that.' ‘Heard from John today?' ‘Actually, yes. He's visiting his parents in Philadelphia but he gave me the number there. I called him.' He'd said he was taken with her. Perhaps she was taken with him, as well. I told myself the thorny little tug I felt across my emotions at the idea was only my imagination. Tried to tell myself that, anyway. ‘What did he say about you losing your job the way you did?' ‘The same things you said. But he didn't make me feel safe. You do. I don't know why.' I did. I was an older man, and that is our chief attraction to young women: we make them feel safe. ‘He's coming up again Tuesday morning. I said I'd have lunch with him.' Smoothly, not a tremor or hesitation in my voice, I said: ‘Maybe I could join you.' Mattie's own voice warmed at the suggestion; her ready acceptance made me feel paradoxically guilty. ‘That would be great! Why don't I call him and suggest that you both come over here? I could barbecue again. Maybe I'll keep Ki home from VBS and make it a foursome. She's hoping you'll read her another story. She really enjoyed that.' ‘That sounds great,' I said, and meant it. Adding Kyra made it all seem more natural, less of an intrusion on my part. Also less like a date on theirs. John could not be accused of taking an unethical interest in his client. In the end he'd probably thank me. ‘I believe Ki might be ready to move on to â€Å"Hansel and Gretel.† How are you, Mattie? All right?' ‘Much better than I was before you called.' ‘Good. Things are going to be all right.' ‘Promise me.' ‘I think I just did.' There was a slight pause. ‘Are you all right, Mike? You sound a little . . . I don't know . . . a little strange.' ‘I'm okay,' I said, and I was, for someone who had been pretty sure he was drowning less than an hour ago. ‘Can I ask you one question before I go? Because this is driving me crazy.' ‘Of course.' ‘The night we had dinner, you said Devore told you his great-grandfather and mine knew each other. Pretty well, according to him.' ‘He said they shit in the same pit. I thought that was elegant.' ‘Did he say anything else? Think hard.' She did, but came up with nothing. I told her to call me if something about that conversation did occur to her, or if she got lonely or scared, or if she started to feel worried about anything. I didn't like to say too much, but I had already decided I'd have to have a frank talk with John about my latest adventure. It might be prudent to have the private detective from Lewiston George Kennedy, like the actor put a man or two on the TR to keep an eye on Mattie and Kyra. Max Devore was mad, just as my caretaker had said. I hadn't understood then, but I did now. Any time I started to doubt, all I had to do was touch the back of my head. I returned to the fridge and once more forgot to open it. My hands went to the magnets instead and again began moving them around, watching as words formed, broke apart, evolved. It was a peculiar kind of writing . . . but it was writing. I could tell by the way I was starting to trance out. That half-hypnotized stare is one you cultivate until you can switch it on and off at will . . . at least you can when things are going well. The intuitive part of the mind unlocks itself when you begin work and rises to a height of about six feet (maybe ten on good days). Once there, it simply hovers, sending black-magic messages and bright pictures. For the balance of the day that part is locked to the rest of the machinery and goes pretty much forgotten . . . except on certain occasions when it comes loose on its own and you trance out unexpectedly, your mind making associations which have nothing to do with rational thought and glaring with unexpected images. That is in some ways the strangest part of the creative process. The muses are ghosts, and sometimes they come uninvited. My house is haunted. Sara Laughs has always been haunted . . . you've stirred em up. stirred, I wrote on the refrigerator. But it didn't look right, so I made a circle of fruit and vegetable magnets around it. That was better, much. I stood there for a moment, hands crossed over my chest as I crossed them at my desk when I was stuck for a word or a phrase, then took off stirr and put on haunt, making haunted. ‘It's haunted in the circle,' I said, and barely heard the faint chime of Bunter's bell, as if in agreement. I took the letters off, and as I did found myself thinking how odd it was to have a lawyer named Romeo (romeo went in the circle) and a detective named George Kennedy. (george went up on the fridge) I wondered if Kennedy could help me with Andy Drake (drake on the fridge) maybe give me some insights. I'd never written about a private detective before and it's the little stuff (rake off, leave the d, add etails) that makes the difference. I turned a 3 on its back and put an I beneath it, making a pitchfork. The devil's in the details. From there I went somewhere else. I don't know where, exactly, because I was tranced out, that intuitive part of my mind up so high a search-party couldn't have found it. I stood in front of my fridge and played with the letters, spelling out little pieces of thought without even thinking about them. You mightn't believe such a thing is possible, but every writer knows it is. What brought me back was light splashing across the windows of the foyer. I looked up and saw the shape of a car pulling to a stop behind my Chevrolet. A cramp of terror seized my belly. That was a moment when I would have given everything I owned for a loaded gun. Because it was Footman. Had to be. Devore had called him when he and Whitmore got back to Warrington's, had told him Noonan refuses to be a good Martian so get over there and fix him. When the driver's door opened and the dome-light in the visitor's car came on, I breathed a conditional sigh of relief. I didn't know who it was, but it sure wasn't ‘daddy.' This fellow didn't look as if he could take care of a housefly with a rolled-up newspaper . . . although, I supposed, there were plenty of people who had made that same mistake about Jeffrey Dahmer. Above the fridge was a cluster of aerosol cans, all of them old and probably not ozone-friendly. I didn't know how Mrs. M. had missed them, but I was pleased she had. I took the first one my hand touched Black Flag, excellent choice thumbed off the cap, and stuck the can in the left front pocket of my jeans. Then I turned to the drawers on the right of the sink. The top one contained silverware. The second one held what Jo called ‘kitchenshit' everything from poultry thermometers to those gadgets you stick in corncobs so you don't burn your fingers off. The third one down held a generous selection of mismatched steak knives. I took one, put it in the right front pocket of my jeans, and went to the door. The man on my stoop jumped a little when I turned on the outside light, then blinked through the door at me like a nearsighted rabbit. He was about five-four, skinny, pale. He wore his hair cropped in the sort of cut known as a wiffle in my boyhood days. His eyes were brown. Guarding them was a pair of horn-rimmed glasses with greasy-looking lenses. His little hands hung at his sides. One held the handle of a flat leather case, the other a small white oblong. I didn't think it was my destiny to be killed by a man with a business card in one hand, so I opened the door. The guy smiled, the anxious sort of smile people always seem to wear in Woody Allen movies. He was wearing a Woody Allen outfit too, I saw faded plaid shirt a little too short at the wrists, chinos a little too baggy in the crotch. Someone must have told him about the resemblance, I thought. That's got to be it. ‘Mr. Noonan?' ‘Yes?' He handed me the card. NEXT CENTURY REAL ESTATE, it said in raised gold letters. Below this, in more modest black, was my visitor's name. ‘I'm Richard Osgood,' he said as if I couldn't read, and held out his hand. The American male's need to respond to that gesture in kind is deeply ingrained, but that night I resisted it. He held his little pink paw out a moment longer, then lowered it and wiped the palm nervously against his chinos. ‘I have a message for you. From Mr. Devore.' I waited. ‘May I come in?' ‘No,' I said. He took a step backward, wiped his hand on his pants again, and seemed to gather himself. ‘I hardly think there's any need to be rude, Mr. Noonan.' I wasn't being rude. If I'd wanted to be rude, I would have treated him to a faceful of roach-repellent. ‘Max Devore and his minder tried to drown me in the lake this evening. If my manners seem a little off to you, that's probably it.' Osgood's look of shock was real, I think. ‘You must be working too hard on your latest project, Mr. Noonan. Max Devore is going to be eighty-six on his next birthday if he makes it, which now seems to be in some doubt. Poor old fella can hardly even walk from his chair to his bed anymore. As for Rogette ‘ ‘I see your point,' I said. ‘In fact I saw it twenty minutes ago, without any help from you. I hardly believe it myself, and I was there. Give me whatever it is you have for me.' ‘Fine,' he said in a prissy little ‘all right, be that way' voice. He unzipped a pouch on the front of his leather bag and brought out a white envelope, business-sized and sealed. I took it, hoping Osgood couldn't sense how hard my heart was thumping. Devore moved pretty damned fast for a man who travelled with an oxygen tank. The question was, what kind of move was this? ‘Thanks,' I said, beginning to close the door. ‘I'd tip you the price of a drink, but I left my wallet on the dresser.' ‘Wait! You're supposed to read it and give me an answer.' I raised my eyebrows. ‘I don't know where Devore got the notion that he could order me around, but I have no intention of allowing his ideas to influence my behavior. Buzz off.' His lips turned down, creating deep dimples at the corners of his mouth, and all at once he didn't look like Woody Allen at all. He looked like a fifty-year-old real-estate broker who had sold his soul to the devil and now couldn't stand to see anyone yank the boss's forked tail. ‘Piece of friendly advice, Mr. Noonan you want to watch it. Max Devore is no man to fool around with.' ‘Luckily for me, I'm not fooling around.' I closed the door and stood in the foyer, holding the envelope and watching Mr. Next Century Real Estate. He looked pissed off and con-fused no one had given him the bum's rush just lately, I guessed. Maybe it would do him some good. Lend a little perspective to his life. Remind him that, Max Devore or no Max Devore, Richie Osgood would still never stand more than five-feet-seven. Even in cowboy boots. ‘Mr. Devore wants an answer!' he called through the closed door. ‘I'll phone,' I called back, then slowly raised my middle fingers in the double eagle I'd hoped to give Max and Rogette earlier. ‘In the meantime, perhaps you could convey this.' I almost expected him to take off his glasses and rub his eyes. He walked back to his car instead, tossed his case in, then followed it. I watched until he had backed up to the lane and I was sure he was gone. Then I went into the living room and opened the envelope. Inside was a single sheet of paper, faintly scented with the perfume my mother had worn when I was just a kid. White Shoulders, I think it's called. Across the top neat, ladylike, printed in slightly raised letters was ROGETTE D. WHITMORE Below it was this message, written in a slightly shaky feminine hand: 8.30 P.M. Dear Mr. Noonan, Max wishes me to convey how glad he was to meet you! I must echo that sentiment. You are a very amusing and entertaining fellow! We enjoyed your antics ever so much. Now to business. M. offers you a very simple deal: if you promise to cease asking questions about him, and if you promise to cease all legal maneuvering if you promise to let him rest in peace, so to speak then Mr. Devore promises to cease efforts to gain custody of his granddaughter. If this suits, you need only tell Mr. Osgood ‘I agree.' He will carry the message! Max hopes to return to California by private jet very soon he has business which can be put off no longer, although he has enjoyed his time here and has found you particularly interesting. He wants me to remind you that custody has its responsibilities, and urges you not to forget he said so. Rogette P.S. He reminds me that you didn't answer his question does her cunt suck? Max is quite curious on that point. R. I read this note over a second time, then a third. I started to put it on the table, then read it a fourth time. It was as if I couldn't get the sense of it. I had to restrain an urge to fly to the telephone and call Mattie at once. It's over, Mattie, I'd say. Taking your job and dunking me in the lake were the last two shots of the war. He's giving up. No. Not until I was absolutely sure. I called Warrington's instead, where I got my fourth answering machine of the night. Devore and Whitmore hadn't bothered with anything warm and fuzzy, either; a voice as cold as a motel ice-machine simply told me to leave my message at the sound of the beep. ‘It's Noonan,' I said. Before I could go any further there was a click as someone picked up. ‘Did you enjoy your swim?' Rogette Whitmore asked in a smoky, mocking voice. if I hadn't seen her in the flesh, I might have imagined a Barbara Stanwyck type at her most coldly attractive, coiled on a red velvet couch in a peach-silk dressing gown, telephone in one hand, ivory cigarette holder in the other. ‘If I'd caught up with you, Ms. Whitmore, I would have made you understand my feelings perfectly.' ‘Oooo,' she said. ‘My thighs are a-tingle.' ‘Please spare me the image of your thighs.' ‘Sticks and stones, Mr. Noonan,' she said. ‘To what do we owe the pleasure of your call?' ‘I sent Mr. Osgood away without a reply.' ‘Max thought you might. He said, â€Å"Our young whoremaster believes in the value of a personal response. You can tell that just looking at him.† ‘He gets the uglies when he loses, doesn't he?' ‘Mr. Devore doesn't lose.' Her voice dropped at least forty degrees and all the mocking good humor bailed out on the way down. ‘He may change his goals, but he doesn't lose. You were the one who looked like a loser tonight, Mr. Noonan, paddling around and yelling out there in the lake. You were scared, weren't you?' ‘Yes. Badly.' ‘You were right to be. I wonder if you know how lucky you are?' ‘May I tell you something?' ‘Of course, Mike may I call you Mike?' ‘Why don't you just stick with Mr. Noonan. Now are you listening?' ‘With bated breath.' ‘Your boss is old, he's nutty, and I suspect he's past the point where he could effectively manage a Yahtzee scorecard, let alone a custody suit. He was whipped a week ago.' ‘Do you have a point?' ‘As a matter of fact I do, so get it right: if either of you ever tries anything remotely like that again, I'll come after that old fuck and jam his snot-smeared oxygen mask so far up his ass he'll be able to aerate his lungs from the bottom. And if I see you on The Street, Ms. Whitmore, I'll use you for a shotput. Do you understand me?' I stopped, breathing hard, amazed and also rather disgusted with myself. If you had told me I'd had such a speech in me, I would have scoffed. After a long silence I said: ‘Ms. Whitmore? Still there?' ‘I'm here,' she said. I wanted her to be furious, but she actually sounded amused. ‘Who has the uglies now, Mr. Noonan?' ‘I do,' I said, ‘and don't you forget it, you rock-throwing bitch.' ‘What is your answer to Mr. Devore?' ‘We have a deal. I shut up, the lawyers shut up, he gets out of Mattie and Kyra's life. If, on the other hand, he continues to ‘ ‘I know, I know, you'll bore him and stroke him. I wonder how you'll feel about all this a week from now, you arrogant, stupid creature?' Before I could reply it was on the tip of my tongue to tell her that even at her best she still threw like a girl she was gone. I stood there with the telephone in my hand for a few seconds, then hung it up. Was it a trick? It felt like a trick, but at the same time it didn't. John needed to know about this. He hadn't left his parents' number on his answering machine, but Mattie had it. If I called her back, though, I'd be obligated to tell her what had just happened. It might be a good idea to put off any further calls until tomorrow. To sleep on it. I stuck my hand in my pocket and damned near impaled it on the steak knife hiding there. I'd forgotten all about it. I took it out, carried it back into the kitchen, and returned it to the drawer. Next I fished out the aerosol can, turned to put it back on top of the fridge with its elderly brothers, then stopped. Inside the circle of fruit and vegetable magnets was this: d go w 19n Had I done that myself?. Had I been so far into the zone, so tranced out, that I had put a mini-crossword on the refrigerator without remembering it? And if so, what did it mean? Maybe someone else put it up, I thought. One of my invisible roommates. ‘Go down 19n,' I said, reaching out and touching the letters. A compass heading? Or maybe it meant Go 19 Down. That suggested crosswords again. Sometimes in a puzzle you get a clue which reads simply See 19 Across or See 19 Down. If that was the meaning here, what puzzle was I supposed to check? ‘I could use a little help here,' I said, but there was no answer not from the astral plane, not from inside my own head. I finally got the can of beer I'd been promising myself and took it back to the sofa. I picked up my Tough Stuff crossword book and looked at the puzzle I was currently working. ‘Liquor Is Quicker,' it was called, and it was filled with the stupid puns which only crossword addicts find amusing. Tipsy actor? Marion Brandy. Tipsy southern novel? Tequila Mockingbird. Drives the DA to drink? Bourbon of proof. And the definition of Down was Oriental nurse, which every cruciverbalist in the universe knows is amah. Nothing in ‘Liquor Is Quicker' connected to what was going on in my life, at least that I could see. I thumbed through some of the other puzzles in the book, looking at 19 Downs. Marble worker's tool (chisel). CNN's favorite howler, 2 wds (wolfblitzer). Ethanol and dimethyl ether, e.g. (isomers). I tossed the book aside in disgust. Who said it had to be this particular crossword collection, anyway? There were probably fifty others in the house, four or five in the drawer of the very end-table on which my beer can stood. I leaned back on the sofa and closed my eyes. I always liked a whore . . . sometimes their place was on my face. This is where good pups and vile dogs may walk side-by-side. There's no town drunk here, we all take turns. This is where it happened. Ayuh. I fell asleep and woke up three hours later with a stiff neck and a terrible throb in the back of my head. Thunder was rumbling thickly far off in the White Mountains, and the house seemed very hot. When I got up from the couch, the backs of my thighs more or less peeled away from the fabric. I shuffled down to the north wing like an old, old man, looked at my wet clothes, thought about taking them into the laundry room, and then decided if I bent over that far, my head might explode. ‘You ghosts take care of it,' I muttered. ‘If you can change the pants and the underwear around on the whirligig, you can put my clothes in the hamper.' I took three Tylenol and went to bed. At some point I woke a second time and heard the phantom child sobbing. ‘Stop,' I told it. ‘Stop it, Ki, no one's going to take you anywhere. You're safe.' Then I went back to sleep again.

9 Tips for Successful Textbook Adoption

Textbooks are vital tools within the realm of education and textbook adoption is an essential part of the process. The textbook industry is a multi-billion dollar industry.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Textbooks are to teachers and students as a bible is to pastors and their congregations. The issue with textbooks is that they quickly become outdated as standards and content continually change. For example, the impending Common Core State Standards are resulting in a massive shift in focus amongst textbook manufacturers. To offset this, many states adopt textbooks in a five-year cycle rotating amongst the core subjects. It is essential that the people choosing the textbooks for their district choose the right textbook because they will be stuck with their choice for at least five years. The following information will guide you through the textbook adoption process on your way to choosing the right textbook for your needs. Form a Committee Many districts have curriculum directors that lead the textbook adoption process, but sometimes this process falls back on the school principal. In any case, the person put in charge of this process should put a committee of 5-7 members together to assist in the adoption process. The committee should be made up of the curriculum director, building principal, several teachers who teach the subject up for adoption, and a parent or two. The committee will be charged with finding the best textbook that meets the overall district’s needs. Obtain Samples The first duty of the committee is to solicit samples from each of the textbook vendors that have been approved by your state department. It is critical that you only select approved vendors. Textbook companies will send you a comprehensive set of samples that include both teacher and student materials across all grade levels for the subject being adopted. Be sure to have a place set aside with lots of room to store your samples. Once you have finished previewing the material, you can typically return the material back to the company at no charge. Compare Content to Standards Once the committee has received all their requested samples, they should begin to go through the scope and sequence looking for how the textbook aligns to current standards. No matter how good a textbook is if it does not align to the standards your district uses, then it becomes obsolete. This is the most crucial step in the textbook adoption process. It is also the most tedious and time-consuming step. Each member will go through each book, making comparisons, and taking notes. Finally, the entire committee will look at each individual’s comparisons and cut out any textbook that doesn’t align at that point. Teach a Lesson The teachers on the committee should pick a lesson from each perspective textbook and use that book to teach the lesson. This allows teachers to get a feel for the material, to see how it motivates their students, how their students respond, and to make comparisons about each product through the application. The teachers should make notes throughout the process highlighting things they liked and things they didn’t. These findings will be reported to the committee. Narrow It Down At this point, the committee should have a solid feel for all the different textbooks available. The committee should be able to narrow it down to their top three choices. With only three choices, the committee should be able to narrow their focus and are on their way to deciding which is the best choice for their district. Bring in Individual Sales Representatives The sales representatives are the true experts within their respective textbooks. Once you have narrowed your choices, you can invite the remaining three company’s sales representatives to give a presentation to your committee members. This presentation will allow committee members to gain more in-depth information from an expert. It also allows the committee members to ask questions that they may have about a specific textbook. This part of the process is about giving committee members more information so that they can make an informed decision. Compare Costs The bottom line is that school districts operate on a tight budget. This means that the cost of textbooks is likely already in the budget. It important that the committee knows they cost of each textbook as well as the district’s budget for these textbooks. This plays a crucial part of choosing textbooks. If the committee deems a particular textbook as the best option, but the cost of purchasing those books is $5000 over the budget, they probably should consider the next option. Compare Free Materials Every textbook company offers â€Å"free materials† if you adopt their textbook. These free materials are of course not â€Å"free† as you likely pay for them in some manner, but they are valuable to your district. Many textbooks now offer materials that can be incorporated with classroom technology such as smart boards. They often offer free workbooks for the life of the adoption. Each company puts their own spin on the free materials, so the committee needs to look at each available option in this area as well. Come to a Conclusion The final charge of the committee is to decide which textbook they should adopt. The committee will put in many hours over the course of several months and should have a clear idea of that point as to which option is their best option. The main thing is that they make the right choice because they will likely be stuck with their choice for several years to come.